The Singularity

                 By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

Black hole: This is a black hole.
Picture Is From:powerlisting.wikia.com 

    Most scientists agree that black holes have a singularity, a point where gravity (or the space-time curvature) reaches infinity (actually, it only has very strong gravity. Click the infinity link if you want to know how). But, the problem is that they also agree that the laws of physics break down at the singularity. To avoid this situation, scientists have created varying solutions to this, from portals to other universes, to black holes actually hosting universes. I, personally, have my own theory*. That the singularity doesn't even exist.

    "How is that possible?", you might be asking. Well, in my 'Is Infinity Possible?' post (if you read it), says that infinity in a black hole isn't possible, only extremely strong gravity. Then this theory would work with the other one because both have the common ground of black holes don't have singularities. But there is a problem. If black holes don't have singularities, and lets assume it isn't a portal to another universe, or actually is hosting a universe, then in a (spinning) black hole, wouldn't all the matter just fly out? This may seem like a dilemma for any theories saying black holes don't have singularities, either black holes have a singularity or they don't exist, but this can be solved easily with my theory. And now the suspense is over. Here it is.

Levitation: How It Works

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



Levitating Car: This is a levitating car.
Picture Is From: www.complex.com

     Levitation is the stuff of science fiction. And scientists have been studying how to do it for a long time.  And I think that I found a way to turn levitation: science fiction, to levitation: science fact. If you want to know how levitation works, and know about a machine that can theoretically levitate, read this article about levitation.

    So what is levitation anyways? Well, anyone who watched a sci-fi movie knows that it is lifting an object without letting you, or a machine touch it, or putting engines of any form that propels the object into the air (in sci-fi movies, the levitating object usually has an aurora of light around it). So now we know what levitating is now. But how in the world can we achieve levitation?

    Levitation with magnets can possibly levitate if we first, put a north and north magnets, one above the other. But the problem is if the magnets are the same size. As most people know, when you try to put a circular magnet one above the other in the same fashion I have mentioned, they will fly off in different directions (usually the one in the middle of the air). This is because the upper magnet, in a certain degree, has to tilt. Then, there is more pushing force on one side, and the magnet tilts in the opposite direction, and gravity and the opposite magnet will free it of the opposite magnet’s grasp, then it will fall on the surface you used for your experiment. And even if the upper magnet didn’t tilt, it will still fall to the floor or table or chair, etc. That’s because the lower magnet has a degree of error, therefore, producing more push in one place than another, and you know what happens. It falls. But what happens if the upper magnet was smaller than the lower magnet?

Atomic Energy: The New Resource

    By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

   

Atomic energy: This is the future of Atomic energy.
Link:scienceblogs.com

    Nuclear energy is already a good resource. It's pretty much our future. So why refine it? Because there are still a couple of problems with it. And Nuclear energy is not nearly the best it could be. For example, Nuclear energy doesn't give off much waste. But it still gives out waste. Each year, about 70 cubic inches of HLR waste (High Level Radioactive waste) is deposited into the world. Of course, the workers bury it for a while so it won't become radioactive, but if Nuclear energy is in full swing around the world, then eventually, they can't put the waste anywhere else. So eventually, we will need a new energy source. And I got such a thing. Atomic energy.

 

    People know that Atomic energy is just a way of describing Nuclear energy. Well, for the rest of this post, let me tell you that when I say Atomic energy, I mean my new resource. Remember that. Now back to my energy source.

 

    Okay, so the first thing about my energy source is this: It emits no waste. That's impossible, right? Actually, if you study my energy source you will see that this statement is true. Actually, it might emit one or two atoms with almost no energy, but they'll regain their energy soon, so technically speaking, it emits no waste. So how does it emit no waste? Read on to find out.

Terraforming Mars: How To Do It

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



Mars: This is The Red Planet.*
This picture is from:zonters.com 

     The world has about 6 billion people. And counting. In about 58 years, the world population will double. And eventually, we will run out of room. So how can we solve this problem? Well, I have thought of a solution. We need a new Earth.

    "Where in the world  space can we get a new earth!?" Well, the answer is right next door (and I am not talking about your neighbor!). Venus and Mars. But which planet can even sustain life? No one wants to live in...
 

-A, a planet with so much pressure and heat that it can cook a pancake while squashing the oven.

-or B, a freezing cold desert with sandstorms that can swallow the planet whole.

-and guess what! The first planet (Venus) has poisonous air (nitrogen and carbon monoxide), while the other planet (Mars) has no air at all.

So which one can we live in? Well, the answer is none. Neither can sustain life for more than a few minutes. So we will have to Terraform (meaning: to change a planet into an earth like place) one of the planets. But not Venus, at least not without a giant hair drier to blow the poisonous gases away. So it will have to be Mars .

Faster Than Light: Can We Do It?

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie
   

Faster than light: This is a picture of a space pod going faster than light.
Picture from:motls.blogspot.com 

    In everyday life, we have almost no need of going  1/5,000 the speed of light, let alone faster than it. Even in space, the fastest spacecraft, New Horizons, can't go even 1/500 the speed of light(56,000 miles per hour). However, scientists are thinking of space travel into other star systems, because Earth is sustaining more and more people, and eventually, we will run out of room. We could always just build more and more International Space Stations (ISS), but...

- first, it's costly.

- second, it takes a long time to make one.

-and third, we will eventually run out of materials for the ISS.

The good news is that this problem can be solved. How? Read on to find out.

Time travel: Stopping Time

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

"How can we stop time?" Physicists have wondered this for a long time. I have figured out a possible solution to stop time. Of course, it is theoretical and may not work. But it's worth a shot. Read the next paragraph to see my idea about stopping time.

Stopping time: This is a picture of a man stopping time.
Link:www.dreamstime.com 

   Absolute zero is the temperature that atoms stop moving around. 

"How cold is Absolute zero?" It is

 -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. What does Absolute zero have to do with stopping time?"  Well, the answer is EVERYTHING. "How?"  If you put something in a freezer that is -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit (absolute zero), it's atoms will stop moving from the cold. Technically, even if it the thing is alive, it won't be able to move. So it is in a preserved state where even the atoms stop moving. If we can spread this coldness, we can freeze time. "But how will you spread the cold into a large region?*"

     If we want to stop time, we will need a portable device (when I say portable, I mean a six by four inches long remote) that stops time using absolute zero. "What is an ideal shape that can stop time most easily?" Simple.

Time Travel: Into the Future

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



Time travel: This is Time traveling, into the future.
Link:motherboard.vice.com -

 In my last post (if you want to see it click here), we talked about time travel into the past. If you read the asterisk (*)  I wrote, there was another way of time travel but this post has pretty much the same idea. I gave you some clues. Anyways, the second idea of time travel is wormholes. "How?", you might ask? Let me explain.
 

    How can wormholes help us time travel into the future? Well, I'm pretty sure that you know that wormholes connect one point in space or time to another. So if you can make a wormhole that connects this point in time to your desired destination, then you can just step into a swirling vortex into the future (you could also make it to step into the past but that's besides the point*). "And how are you supposed to do that? " you might ask. Well, it's pretty simple once you hear it.

 

    If you read my post Wormholes (click here if you want to see it) a wormhole is technically a black hole. If you step inside the wormhole, you will possibly get destroyed by a black hole. But don't feel bad, cause I have a solution. If you put anti-gravity around the black hole, and put just the right amount of anti-gravity, you could go around the black hole without actually touching it and without shooting out of the wormhole into a very bad situation. So this should be the end of our post right?
Wrong. Because there are still a few problems left.

  "If you travel into the future, how are you supposed to go back to the present time?", you might say. Well, you could just step back into the wormhole, right? But what if you go someplace into the future like an airport and can't remember where the wormhole is? Well, you could always put a tracking device on the wormhole but you might  break the remote for it and anyways, you will have to travel for some time before you find it. So is there no way to fix this problem? Actually, there is. You know when you pack your clothes for a vacation, you put it in a suitcase. What if you could do the same thing for a wormhole? Of course, you can't fit a wormhole inside a suitcase, but if the suitcase were imagined as the space beyond our universe, there will be a monstrous amount of space for all the people in the world to put their wormholes. "But how will it get there?", you might ask. Well we can use wormholes. How? Let me explain.

Wormhole: This is a wormhole.
Link:hendrix2.uoregon.edu 

    Instead of making a long, long wormhole to the end of the universe and beyond, you could just make shorter wormholes "glued" together. Just put the wormholes close together so that the things that they are made of will bond with each other (whatever they are made of). Still, there are storage problems. How are you supposed to put those wormholes at the end of the universe. Well, you don't. Instead of storing them in the space beyond our universe, we could just destroy the wormhole as soon as it's used. "How?", you might ask? Well, first, they break apart. Then, each wormhole will contract and when it is now subatomic and impossible to use, they break apart. But what about the wormhole you just sent beyond our universe?

Time Travel: Into the Past

By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie




Time Travel: This is an animation of Time Traveling.
Link: litstack.com

    You know all those time travel movies about people going into the past? Well, there is actually a way to do that. Actually, there are two*. You might be wondering, "if there are two ways to time travel into the past*, then why aren't people going into the past right now?" Well, the answer is that they are untested ways and you could be in big trouble if your time machine broke down, you would be in seriously big trouble (trouble as in you might be sent off to a parallel universe). "So what are these ideas anyways?", you might be wondering. Well, let me tell you them.

 

   Well, if you want to know how to time travel, then these are my ideas. My first one came from a movie called NOVA, fabric of the cosmos "The illusion of Time?". It said that if you reversed the polarities of every atom, every particle in the place that was affected (if it was the earth, then it was the earth that was affected), something that happened could go in reverse. And I figured out how to reverse the polarities of the atoms. If you get a magnet, and put it far enough so that particles won't zoom to it, then you can spin it around and the polarities are reversed. However, there is a number of problems with this, however, so I added a little thing of my own. I made it so that you can go to the moment it actually happened. That means that if you make a glass shatter an hour ago, then when you reverse the polarities of the atoms to an hour ago, then you would disappear from the present time and go back an hour ago to stop shattering the glass or whatever you wanted to do an hour ago. Pretty cool, huh? Still, there are problems with this theory.

Multiple Infinites

                              By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie


 

    If any of you guys reading this have read my post, "Is Infinity possible?", (if you want to read it, click here) you probably realize that the concept, "infinity" isn't possible. At least, in non-numerable terms. However, when your dealing with numbers, there actually may be more than one infinity. How? Let me explain.

 



Multiple infinities: This is the multiple infinity.
Link: axiomamnesia.com 

    If you want proof of the multiple infinites, we can easily resort to simple math to find the proof.  Let's use multiplication as the proof. What is, infinity times two? The answer is, of course, infinity. But that infinity is different from the normal infinity. If the normal infinity is I, then infinity times two is 2I. But what is the difference between the two infinites? Well, since infinity goes on forever, and the casual theory is that infinity was always there. But that will mean that infinity times two and infinity is the same thing. And that will mean that it will break the math rule that multiplication is either getting bigger or smaller (0.5 times 2). Three times two isn't the same as three times three, or three times four. So we will have to revise our casual infinity theory.

Anti-Gravity

                                 By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie




Anti-gravity: One way an anti-gravity machine might work, by Dr.Yevgeny Podkletnov.
Link: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2159487.stm

    "What is anti-gravity*?", you might ask. Well, to put in on simple terms, anti-gravity is, well, the opposite of gravity. It is supposed to be a pushing force, but if you read my last post, (if you want to read it, click here) gravity is a pushing force. Then wouldn't anti-gravity be a pulling force? I have no idea. But if I am correct and anti-gravity is a pulling force, then there would have to be another force acting upon anti-gravity. As I mentioned in my last post, neutrinos push two objects together. Then wouldn't anti-neutrinos (I'm only calling them anti- because I don't know what they are made of, not because they are made of antimatter) push things apart? I don't know about that either. But if that was correct, then there must be at least twice the amount of matter we thought was in the universe. But there is a problem. Wouldn't gravity in a massive object be slowed down with all those anti-neutrinos?

The theory of Gravity

                            By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



    The scientists of today have a problem. They made carefully checked equations for how much mass is in our galaxy. And they figured out one thing. Eighty percent of the mass in our galaxy is missing. "Where could all that mass go?" people wondered. But soon they figured where it went.





Le Sage's theory: Le Sage's theory of gravity.
Link: en.wikipedia.org
 



    There is dark matter and dark energy in our universe. And our galaxy has some too, that keeps it spinning. But, still, some mass is missing. But in 1748, a man named Le Sage had an answer. He purposed that there are particles that go through the earth and can act as gravity (we'll get to that later). But no one believed him and the theory wasn't widespread. Albert Einstein further killed the theory  with special and general relativity, as well as the space-time theory and  Le Sage's theory was forgotten. But Le Sage was right. Particles do go through the earth (but they were actually energy waves). They're called neutrinos. But the galaxy's dark energy, dark matter, matter is still isn't enough to make the galaxy spin as it does.

 

    The neutrinos we were talking about earlier actually have to do something with all this. Le Sage said that gravity was a pushing force. "How is gravity a pushing force?" you might wonder. Well, Le  Sage explained that, let's say you have a iron ball. When all those neutrinos attack the ball from all sides, the force on each part of the ball is the same as the other parts. The ball doesn't move. But what happens when there is two balls?

The New Sabertooth

             By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



Sabertooth: The new Sabertooth.
Link: futureideas12.blogspot.com

    You know the Sabertooth Cat* right? It was the most powerful hunter of it's time. Yet, it has some weaknesses. Well I created a new species (in my mind) of Sabertooth Cats. They are bigger, stronger, faster, smarter, and overall more powerful than a average Sabertooth Cat. Well anyways, let's start with the Sabertooth's weaknesses.

   One of the Sabertooth's weaknesses is it's Sabers. They were thought to be used for hunting, until they discovered they were actually quite brittle and only used for shearing off meat. So I decided to make my Sabertooth's Sabers have a sturdier base. Also, their length can be a disadvantage so I made them shorter for even more sturdier teeth. The teeth are made normally, but are "immune" to microorganisms that rot your teeth. So far, we have fixed the teeth, but there is another weakness to the Sabertooth. It is it's legs.  

    Sabertooths are fast, but can't run fast for a long time. They have to ambush their prey so that they can survive. That's one of the reasons Sabertooths hunt in groups. But there is a way to fix that problem of its stamina. If you study the antinomy of a gazelles legs, (I hadn't) and combine it with the horses legs, you can get legs that have a lot of stamina, but are very fast. The stamina muscles cover the outside but speed muscles are with the bone. When speed muscles tire out, stamina muscles take over. Well, for now, we cleared most of the Sabertooth's weaknesses. Now, let's add some strengths.

The Quantum Theory: Quantum Probability

                     
                     By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

Quantum Theory: One aspect of Quantum Theory, atom entanglement.
Link: http://www.crystalinks.com

    "What is Quantum theory anyway?" You might be wondering. In fact, you might be wondering "What is Quantum mechanics?" Well, let me explain what quantum mechanics is. Quantum mechanics is the studying of laws of the atomic and the sub-atomic world. And Quantum theory is the latest scientific breakthrough. Theoretical physicists are studying this marvelous discovery. It is called, Quantum probability.

    "Then what is Quantum Probability?", you might wonder. Well, Quantum Probability came from a very famous experiment. It is called the double slit experiment. A physicist called Young decided to see whether light will go through two slits and make an interference pattern. When he saw the results, he was shocked. The slits made and interference pattern that went through some of the material that made the double slit experiment  It looked something like this: 

Double slit experiment: The double slit experiment.

   As you can see, the waves behind the wall is the light shone at the wall. If you look closely, you can see that the middle wave goes directly through the chunk of wall! When physicists repeated this over and over again, they struggled with the laws of physics trying to explain this. Then, a physicist suggested a theory that an electron got squished out before you measure it, making the wave patterns. But that was wrong. Then, another theoretical physicist said that an electron was not a squished out particle, but a probability wave. He was saying that when you do the double slit experiment, the wave goes through both slits, but merges at the middle to make it look it went thought the wall. A high wave plus the high waves canceled each other out. A low wave plus a low wave also canceled each other out. But a high wave plus a low wave merged together and made and interference pattern. The place with the highest waves has the most probability of the electron landing there. That makes it look like the waves went through the wall. The double slit experiment was proof that a particle can act like a wave. 

    The double slit experiment also proves that it is impossible to tell were an electron is. It is possible to find the probability that the electron will land there. The idea that we have to rely on probability instead of certainty in the quantum world was mind blowing. But it was correct. Soon everyone knew that a particle can be a wave, and vice verca, and you have to use the equation of the probability wave to "guess" where the electron is. 

    

    A couple years ago, some physicists started to realize that whenever they heat gasses, and looked through a prism, instead of producing a smudge of colors, the prisms produced pencil-thick beams of colors. The physicists started to wonder why that happened, when one day, person saw that when you heat up atoms, the electrons get "exited" and started to flip orbits. The amazing thing is, that the electrons never crossed the distance in between. It's like is suddenly  Mars jumped to Jupiter's orbit without crossing the space between their orbits. The people started calling it, Teleportation. Physicists soon went to some islands and then they conducted an experiment of teleporting atoms across 89 miles of water to a nearby observatory. It worked. We are a long way from teleporting ourselves but were making progress. Soon, we will be able to teleport ourselves to the farthest stars.



Email me at tsegazeab12@gmail.com. Thank you.

    

The Higgs Boson: Explained

                           By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

Higgs Boson: This is a Higgs Boson.
Link: www.digitaltrends.com.

    In recent years, people started to ask, "why do some particles have more mass than others?".A theoretical physicist named Dr.Paul Higgs was asking the same question. Well, in 1964, he got an answer that explains why particles have mass, and ultimately why we exist at all. The idea is called the Higgs Boson. You may be wondering, "What is the Higgs Boson anyways?" Well, let me explain what it is. The Higgs Boson is the "God particle". The reason it is called "the God" particle is because it is essential for the Higgs Boson to exist. Without it, nothing would have mass. The reason is that when the Standard Model was made, there was a particle missing from it. Without that particle, nothing would have mass. I think by now you know what particle I'm talking about. It is the Higgs Boson. The physicists soon realized this, however. Then they discovered the Higgs Boson. Soon, however, they wondered, "where did the Higgs Boson come from?" The answer is the Higgs field.

    "What is the Higgs field?" you may be wondering. Well, the Higgs field is the "Father" of the Higgs Boson. The field is made of countless Higgs Boson particles (the Higgs Boson itself is a fluctuation). This field explains why some particles are heavier than others, even though they are the same size. It shows why a Tau particle, which is as heavy as a gold particle, is heavier than the electron, even though they are the same size. The reason one is heavier than the other is only because the Tau particle interacts with the Higgs field more than the electron. A particle that doesn't interact at all with the Higgs field, like a photon, will zip around at the speed of light. A quark, however, will start at the speed of light, but, since the Higgs field is there, will slow down and gain mass as it's traveling (mind you, it will not gain infinite mass, it will stop at some point). This is the reason particles have mass: the Higgs field.

    You may be wondering, " how does the Higgs Boson and the Higgs field affect me?" Well, the answer is  that without them, we wouldn't exist. The Higgs Boson and Higgs field are necessary to "create" mass and ultimately, matter itself. Let me explain how. The Higgs Boson creates the Higgs field. And the Higgs field makes the energy turn into matter and slow down. And matter then creates all the things (well, almost all the things) in the universe. Including us. So without the Higgs Boson, there is no us, or matter, or the Big Bang itself. But what are the problems of the Higgs theory? Well, read more to find out.

    The Higgs theory is amazing, making a revolution across the country. But, however, there are, as always, some problems with this theory. First, there are some scientists that discovered that there are actually five Higgs Bosons. Does that mean that we have to change the Standard Model so that it can fit in five Higgs Bosons? We do not know. (Psst! If you don't know what the Standard Model is, click here.)

    Oh, and one more thing, we didn't actually find the Higgs Boson, we just made a theory of it.


Here is a video that explains some concepts in this article.

Email me at Tsegazeab12@gmail.com. Thank you and make sure you subscribe!
    

What Is String Theory?

                       
                                           By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie 

    A few decades ago, a radical theory sends shock waves across the scientific community. The theory is called String theory.You're probably wondering right now," what is String theory?" 

String theory: One of the many strings in an atom.

   String theory is a theory of everything (technically a theory that combines Eisenstein's theory with the quantum  field theory). It says that if you shrink to a quadrillionth of the size of an atom, and then do it again, you'll see vibrating  strings floating inside the atom It sounds like science fiction. But recently, some scientists say it's not. Co-founder of string theory, Michio Kaku says that string theory may be possible. But there were a few flaws in the theory. 

    Albert Einstein went to find the theory but failed. The giants of the 20th century also tried but got lost. The reason they failed is that they don't really know what the theory is. Most string theory specialists have their own theory of everything. None of them can agree because the theory's they have are radically different from each other. But now that they tested all the easy ideas and saw that they were wrong, they now have a new theory that might be the best (and in fact the only) candidate for the theory of everything. Unlike it's rivals, it survived every mathematical challenge thrown at it. Not surprisingly, the theory is radically different from all the other candidates for the theory of everything. The theory is Super String theory. 

Super Symmetry: A diagram on Super Symmetry.

    "What is Super Symmetry?" You might ask. Well, Super Symmetry is a theory that says that for every particle in the universe, there is another invisible particle copy. The only difference is that the Super Symmetry particles are bigger than the original one. The reason Super String theory is the best candidate for the theory of everything is because it has Einstein's theory of gravity in it. It actually needs Einstein's theory or else it won't work. It also uses String theory, being based on subatomic strings vibrating in 10 dimensional space-time fabric. But there is a glaring weak spot. They failed miserably trying to probe the "non-perturbative region". This is extremely important since our whole universe may lie in it. And ultimately, we don't know whether string theory is a theory of every thing, or a theory of nothing! And then duality comes in. It shows an outline of the theory of everything.        

Not knowing what to call it, a physicist named Witten dubbed it, M-theory. In one stroke, M-theory solves all the problems of  the theory, such as why we have 5 super string theories. It may ultimately even solve the question, "where do the strings come from?" 

Made From Stardust

                              

                                           By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie 

Nebula: The birthplace of stars.

    "We are made from stardust". When most people hear that, they are probably going to say, "yeah right!" Well, we are. Let me explain. Everybody knows that we are made of skin,bones, teeth, and so on. Well, where do those come from? From reproducing cells. And where do those come from? When you were born. And where did your mother come from? Your grandmother, and so on and so on. So then we get back to the very first life on earth. It was probably algae (I don't study plant life).  Whatever plant it was, it's energy came from the sun. "But", you say, "that's only energy, not the plant itself. Well, the earth supplies it with nutrients. But the earth came from the leftover debris from the sun. And where the sun come from?

    The sun came from a nebula in outer space. But the nebula couldn't be there from the beginning of time (the big bang). It must have came from something. And I know what it is. It came from a supernovae. Let me tell you what a supernovae is, for the people who don't know what it is. If you already know, skip to the next paragraph. Okay, so here's what a supernovae is. There are stars like our sun. We may think it is big but it is actually very tiny compared to the  stars in our night sky. And stars fuse hydrogen into helium to create energy. Nuclear fusion at work. When they run out of hydrogen, they fuse helium together into lithium and so on. Well, only until the star starts to fuse iron. Then, the power turns off. The core of the star gets crushed into a millionth of it's size, (this is not our star, then it would be impossible for this to happen) by the stars own gravity. With a big star, it can't take the pressure. It blows up. This is called a supernovae (supernova means more than one). So that's a supernova. "But", you say, "what about heavier elements"? "They couldn't be formed by a supernovae". The answer is simple. Bigger stars.

   There are supernovae and then there is type 2 supernova. Also called a hypernova. When there is a hypernova, the energy output is one hundred times greater than a supernova. "What's a hypernova," you might ask. Well, let me tell you. By now, you know what a supernova is. A hypernova is just a bigger supernova. Except for it has a 100 times more energy output than a supernova. "So that's where gold came  from!". So nebulae come from the leftover debris from a hyper or supernova. And so our sun formed from the debris now called a nebulae (one nebula). My right hand might come from a different star than my left hand. So we are made from stardust. 

Email me at Tsegazeab12@gmail.com.

Thank you.

Can you Create Matter?

                 
                                                 By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie



Big bang: What happened 13.77 billion years ago.

     Everybody knows you cannot create matter (and antimatter), right? Well some people might think, WRONG. But I have proof that you can't create matter even though it looks so obvious sometimes. "But," you might say, "what about the big bang?" "When the little atom exploded, it must have created matter." But it didn't. And I have proof. It is Einstein's theory, e=mc squared.

    First, let me tell you how that little atom that created the big bang came into existence. Sometimes, a quantum fluctuation makes an atom appear out of nowhere. "But", you say, "isn't that creating matter?" Well, no. Creating matter is making something from nothing. But that will break the laws of physics. And it is technically impossible to break the laws of physics. But I have a theory that there is a way to make something from nothing without breaking the laws of physics. Actually, I'm not actually making "something from nothing", but it's almost like that. I think there are little spots of energy in our universe and using the theory e=mc squared, the energy is moving very fast and at the point of the speed of light,(it looks like it stopped moving to an outside viewer) it turns into an atom and really stops moving. So back to the big bang theory.

    Before the big bang, there must have been a huge energy spot zipping around at 99% of the speed of light and then it reached the speed of light. Then, all this matter (and antimatter) was "created" and antimatter and matter tried to annihilate each other. "But" you say, "you can't destroy matter." Well, you can't. But since you cannot destroy matter (or antimatter by the way) that means the matter and antimatter went somewhere. There is a theory that the matter and antimatter actually go through each other and return back by gravity, back and forth, back and forth, back and forth for a long time. This happens if a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of a thousandth of a second. Then, they merge into a heavier particle. Well anyways, matter won because a very heavy particle called a Q+ particle. 60% of the time, it decays into a proton and a neutrino, while 40% of the time, it decays into a positron and an antinutron. There is also another theory that an x-boson made of matter decays into one more particle than an x-boson of antimatter. This means matter and antimatter weren't actually destroyed in the big bang, only merged together into a heavier particle which will decay into a matter and antimatter particle and get merged again and so on. So matter (and antimatter) can't be destroyed. And the awnser to your question earlier is, no.

Email me at Tsegazeab12@gmail.com.
Thank you.

How to Build a Lightsaber

                      
                                                            By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

Lightsaber: Two lightsabers clashing with each other.

    In Star Wars, there were heroes that battled evil villains with swords called lightsabers. Some brilliant scientists are thinking how to build one. And I think I know how. I know that a laser would be a very bad option for the blade of a lightsaber. The reason is because in order to be a true lightsaber, the swords have to clash. Unfortunately, a laser is just a light that that is contracted to a beam of electromagnetic energy. Two lasers would go through each other so you can not parry a blow from the enemy. However, the light saber's handle can hold a particle machine that stiffens the laser so that it can clash with another lightsaber. And also, a laser will disappear in daylight. The main problem is, however, that lasers can not be stopped. But you still need an energy source.

    A laser is harmless unless given enough energy and power to cut through things. You could  make a battery that stores enough energy to cut through things which is about 5 gigawatts of power (about enough energy to make plasma). Unfortunately, there is a problem. A battery is designed to store energy, not create energy. Eventually the battery will run out. And I don't think you'll find a 5 gigabyte battery anytime soon. However, if you make a fan on the end of the lightsaber that sucks in air and uses the energy of the particles (when cut open) to make a plasma laser, I think you have enough energy to make some plasma. But there is a problem.

    The problem with making plasma is that if you can't contain it, it will incinerate anything it touches. The energy source is in the handle right? The handle, however, can not be made of any metal because metal melts at 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Plasma is much hotter. It will boil the metal and what you have left, with no container, is superheated plasma. Bottom line: I'm pretty sure you don't want superheated plasma dripping down your skin. Fortunately, there is a solution.

    We can make the handle out of two materials called Beryllium and Tungsten. Add some Carbon and you can make a lightsaber handle that can withstand plasma. These three materials have extreme melting temperatures. They can withstand plasma for more than an hour. Of course, battles won't be as long as that unless going to war but it is good to have something that can withstand plasma for long periods of time. I know I am correct because there is more than one proof that it is good for a lightsaber handle. Scientists today are developing nuclear fusion but they need something that can withstand plasma. They used Carbon, Beryllium, and Tungsten to layer the nuclear reactor because of there ability to withstand plasma. There is also an experiment done with the three materials and some metal (nickel). They put all three in an oven and when  they came out, all were fine except the nickel which melted. I still think the main problem is the blade.

    I have a new plan for the design of the blade. The blade will also be made of Beryllium, Tungsten, and Carbon. The blade has an electromagnetic field when turned on to contain the plasma. When you turn the lightsaber on, the blade will extend to about three feet. The fan will suck in air and use it's energy to create a 5 gigabyte powered blade. The electromagnetic fields in the blade will hold the plasma together. The lightsabers blade will turn a certain color and you can clash with your opponent. This is my design for a lightsaber.

 Email me at: Tsegazeab12@gmail.com. 
Thank you.   

Bending the Fabric of Space-time Part 2

                        
                                                                         By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie




Space-time: The fabric of Space-time.

    The fabric of space-time is supposed to be two dimensional, right? Well, I don't think it's correct. Let's do this experiment to prove it. Raise to objects in the air. Then, place them so that one is higher than the other.  Even better, put one over the other without them touching each other. Then, imagine the fabric of space-time showing the gravity of the objects. You can pick to put them on top of each other, or put them so that one is higher than the other. If you did it correctly, Then you will see that the fabric of space time will have to warp in such a way that it can hold both. But the space-time fabric can't do that. That means we need a new theory on how the fabric of space-time is shaped.
 
    From the experiment, we now know that we need a new theory that is possible in the three dimensional world. I have one. Why not make the space-time fabric into cubes? You can put two objects on top of each other without breaking the rules of the fabric of space-time.  "But what if," you say, "you use it for larger objects, like the sun or the moon?" Well, good question. Let's use something much more dense. Let's use a black hole, the son of a hypernova. ( A hypernova is a type of supernova except it works with much larger stars. Also called, Type 2 supernovae. Oh, and supernovas or hypernovas both give birth to black holes). Now back to our story. 

    So, when the new view of the fabric of space-time meets something that has mass, The closer the fabric of space-time is to something that has mass, the more they bend. They, of course, bend into what the object looks like. Now let's use the black hole we were talking about. Since the black hole is in the shape of a sphere, the fabric of space-time will bend to the shape of a sphere. Oh, and I forgot to mention, they will also contract the closer they are to the object. So when a star gets near a black hole, the closer the star is, the more it gets attracted to the black hole. And the more it gets attracted, the more faster it goes, and so on. And my new theory works perfectly. I hope you agree with me, and if you don't please comment.

Email me at Tsegazeab12@gmail.com.
Thank you.

Is Infinity Possible?

                

                                              By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

                                            

Infinity: The symbol of Infinity.

     Some people think infinity is possible. I, of course, agree with them, but not quite in the same way. Because, you see, I only agree with them in numerical terms. Numbers continue on forever, no beginning, no end. However, that is the only way infinity is possible. Lets take, for example, a black hole. Scientists say that it has infinite gravity, infinite mass, and an infinitely small singularity. But I disagree. None are infinite.

    First, the gravity isn't infinite. The reason why it isn't infinite is because if it was infinite, there would be infinite friction between the fabric of space-time to the point that it will boil, thus ripping away a portion of our universe, creating a new one which will be in the big bang period, and will have to wait 13.7 billion years to form moderate galaxies. But that's a different story. Also, infinite gravity means that the gravity will pull the universe together with infinite force into a singularity that will be destroyed because of one black hole. See what I mean, infinity isn't possible. Oh, also, once our universe gets destroyed, the infinite gravity of a black hole will go after the other universes, and since one of them has to have a black hole, they will form a supermassive black hole and destroy the multiverse. But there are millions, billions of black holes in our universe right? So we wouldn't be standing here right? See, no infinite gravity.

    Your probably wondering, "How about the infinite mass and infinite singularity"? Well, I got an awnser for that too. This time, we'll start with the mass. You see, if something has infinite mass, it is supposed to make an an infinitely sized well in the fabric of space-time. But that's not possible. The fabric of space-time is only for the universes, not the multiverse(s). That means our universe will technically turn into a well with things shooting toward it at the speed of light. But there is a problem with that too. A theory says, it takes an infinite amount of energy to accelerate something at the speed of light (besides a light beam). But that's not true.

Since you can make a light beam go faster than 180,000 miles per second, (the speed of light) we can use a proportion to solve this problem which is, Mass of light over speed of light equals Mass of object over x. You can easily see that it won't be infinite. So that means that the stars and beams of light and asteroids and galaxies and all the other things in the universe will shoot toward it at the speed of light or faster and incinerate. But are we incinerated yet? No. Are we rushing toward our doom faster than the speed of light toward a black hole which will probably destroy us in a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of a millisecond? No. So that means the mass of the billions of black holes in the universe don't have infinite mass either. They only have a lot of mass that can destroy anything that comes to close to the singularity. And that brings us to our third topic.

  "What about the infinity small singularity" you might wonder. Well, I will awnser that in a moment. The infinity small singularity is impossible too. Imagine something infinitely small. None of us human beings can imagine something infinitely small. There is a reason why you can't do that. First, our brains are not equipped to think such things. But that's neuroscience. The second reason is that something can't be infinitely small because there is always a smaller size. Let's use the number line as an example. And lets say zero is the size of an hydrogen atom. There is a negative one right? That's a subatomic particle. and negative two and so forth. As I said before, in numerical terms, infinity is possible. So if the negative numbers are the subatomic particles, and numbers continue forever, that means there is always a smaller subatomic particle.

It's like infinity minus one.

     Now back to the black hole I mentioned about.  If what I said earlier is correct, this means that the "infinitely small" singularity is not infinite. However, if the singularity was infinitely small, the black hole would destroy itself and the suns and stars in our galaxy is orbiting a black hole with tremendous speed will hurtle with each other and destroy each other and I think you know that almost all the galaxies in the universe have a supermassive black hole in the middle and a lot of little black holes inside the galaxy that destroy stars, and, well I'll leave it to you to predict the effect. (If you can't predict what will happen, the awnser is, galaxies will crash with each other and destroy each other and leave a barren universe.) Oh, and for those of you who predicted what will happen, were not in that situation right now right? See? So no infinitely small singularity. All the infinite mass, gravity, and singularity were not infinite, only to the extreme extreme.

Email me at tsegazeab12@gmail.com 

Thank you.

Living in the Multiverse

      
                                                      By Tsegazeab Beteselassie

   In my last post, I explained how to enter the multiverse. Now I will show you how to repopulate it.
In the last article (or post if you will) , I mentioned the scientists and engineers that built it. They also have to have a crew with at least one female for reproduction. Once they had entered the multiverse, they have to find one similar like our own. this can happen by using a machine that shoots light faster than 180,000 miles per second. It will have to be infrared light, because it can detect heat. The machine will first, scan our universe to see how hot it is. Then, the human that is using it will search for a similar heat signature. When it finds one, it will alert the user and the human will tell the crew. After that, they will speed toward that certain spot billions times faster than the speed of light squared as shown in this picture.

Multiverses: The multiverses we may live in someday.

   The reason for this is because other universes are vast distances from each other and will take almost an infinite amount of time to get there at the speed of light. Of course this will take massive amounts of energy but it is solved by a gravity battery. The gravity battery will have a miniature black hole that is created by putting enormous amounts of pressure on the atoms needed. Once the atoms collapse, a artificial black hole is formed, a machine surrounds it and uses it's gravity to power the rockets in the space ship. When the gravity quality shrinks enough so that the machine can't take any more energy from the black hole, the machine "feeds" it enough atoms so that it generates energy again to power the rockets.

There is another machine beside it that produces antimatter. Here is how. The machine is a miniature atom collider and shoots protons at some metal at almost the speed of light. That will produce antimatter. Another part of the machine stabilizes the antimatter so that it can be controlled (with gravitational fields) and channels it to the gravity battery to produce extra energy for the rockets. After a few days, they will probably reach the multiverse. Then, they will have to create a hole in (the universe's) the fabric of space-time (like they did in their own universe) and pass through it. Then they have to find a planet like earth.

   The planet doesn't have to be exactly like earth, only needs clouds, a sun, hydrogen ( in space or in/on the planet), and any form of oxygen as long as there is a lot of it  (there is a machine that makes hydrogen and oxygen into water). Then, the crew will live there, take mind photos (human technology improved) and send them faster than the speed of light. Then, more space ships will come and repopulate the planet. This is my article on how to repopulate the multiverse.

Email me at Tsegazeab12@Gmail.com.
Thank you.

Entering the Multiverse

                

                                                         By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie
             

                                                                               







Multiverse :This is what the multiverse looks like.



                                       If we humans had a wormhole to the multiverse, our fear of being extinct can be coped with. Sadly, we don't have a wormhole to the multiverse. However, since all black holes are actually wormholes, there is another way to go to the multiverse. Since the multiverse has titanic amounts of universes in it,as shown in the picture under the title, we can build a space ship that goes faster than the speed of light to travel to these other universes. But first, we have to get to the multiverse. There is only one way though. However, the condition is that it needs to be in a negatively or positively curved universe.Here is how it works.
 First, the engineers and scientists that wants to go to the multiverse must build a space ship that can go faster than the speed of light. This is necessary if the engineers and scientists want to go to the multiverse. Then, they must locate the nearest  black hole. Luckily, it is already discovered that the nearest black hole is V4641 Sgr. (it has Sgr. in its name because it is located in the Sagittarius arm in the Milky Way). After that, the engineers and scientists have to travel to the black hole. It is nesseary that the engineers have a battery that can last more than 1,600 light years. After that, they don't need a lot of energy. Once they get to the black hole, they have to go toward the singularity and start orbiting it at faster than the speed of light. Then, they turn off their battery. The black hole's extreme gravity will give them a supply of energy. Once they refueled, they tear a hole in the universe and enter the multiverse. Now they entered the multiverse. In my next article, I will show you how to travel to another universe and repoupulate it.

 Email me at Tsegazeab12@.gmail.com.

Thank you

Bending the fabric of Space-time Part 1

By Tsegazeab Betestlassie
Email: tsegazeab12@gmail.com

I have a theory that when something with immense mass for example, a black hole, makes a dent in the fabric of space-time, the remaining fabric, bends upward depending on the size of the and shape of our universe, and of course, the amount of mass in the object bending the fabric of spacetime as shown below.

Black hole: A black hole warping and (destroying)
the fabric of space- time fabric.

In the picture, you can see that the black hole makes a well in the fabric of space-time. If my theory is correct, the black hole makes the universe bend upward. However, if the universe is negatively curved,(like a domed hill,), then, if the black hole is placed in the center,(or close to it) the universes edges will come slightly closer to each other. If the black hole is a suppressive black hole however,(or more than one placed together) and if the universe is negatively curved enough, the gravity of the space-time fabric will attract each other (with the help of suppressive black holes as shown in my article about wormholes) and create a wormhole. This can only happen, however, if the universe is extremely curved. However, if the black hole we mentioned was at the edge of the universe, the black hole will actually bend the space-time fabric so that the opposite edge (edge x) will be slightly higher than the edge on which the black hole is perched (edge y) and vice verca (that means "and the other way around"). However, if the universe is positively curved (like a saddle on a horse), and if the black hole is on the top, or a lot of black holes, instead of raising one side, it almost does the opposite (pushing the middle down and the edges up). If done right, it will slowly, slowly attract the rest of the universe to the black hole we mentioned. This may take trillions upon trillions upon trillions of centuries to happen. If the black hole is to the left, it will bend the universe to the left,and vice verca. However, if the universe is like a sphere it (the  black hole) will make either one of two choices. One, the universe will be in a slightly oval shape or two, the most common, is the black hole will turn the universe into a triangle with no points or sides (but remember, only slightly). The reason we and our instruments did not detect this earlier, is that since there is so many black holes in the universe, the universe is in a blob because of the population (of black holes). Also the edge of our universe is impossible to detect because the edge of the universe is so far away. This is my theory and my explanations. 

The Fourth Dimension

 By: Tsegazeab Beteselassie

The fourth dimension is a dimension beyond what we live in. If we lived in a two dimensional world, the fourth dimension would be the third dimension as in the ration 3:2. A rectangle would be something like this in the fourth dimension:





Caption: A forth dimensional cube.

If the cube had a mind, it could go from one time to another. However, if something (intelligent) came here, it can go to different times in history. It can also willingly morph from 31 years old to only 16. It will have the chance to be immortal. If a two dimensional person looked at a cube, and if we use the ratio I mentioned later, we can figure out that the two dimensional person will see slices of the cube. If the cube moved, up, and since there is only forward, backward, and sideways in the two dimensional world, the two dimensional person's brain couldn't perceive this, and it would seem to disappear and reappear. If the cube moved sideways, blobs of it would disappear and reappear alarmingly fast. If we use our ratio, then, the forth dimensional person would be like a god. Since, however, we can see time, (as with a microscope looking at radioactive decay) our brains would see it morph from one time to another. If we turned four dimensional, we might be able to travel through time. There is proof that the fourth dimension is real. There has been mysterious disappearances throughout history. The people may have stepped into a wormhole into the fourth dimension (see last article about wormholes). One time in history, a Tensenese farmer disappeared in plain sight. In the last article, it said the wormhole is made from a black hole so, the farmer escaped the black hole and went into the fourth dimension. A year later, they heard his voice , but after a while, the voice disappeared. I assume the voice escaped the wormhole but the wormhole collapsed on itself, though I don't know how or why and the voice couldn't be heard anymore. This is my article on wormholes.